CAPEC-386
Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
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Explain the attack pattern CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping: how it unfolds, what it needs and how to prevent and detect it in my systems. Use https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/386.html and https://cve.bz/cve/capec/386?via=ask-ai-copy, which lists recent CVEs with the weaknesses it exploits. Cite the sources.Opens a third-party assistant; its answer is its own, not cve.bz's. The prompt holds only this attack pattern's id and public links.
Prerequisites
Targeted software is utilizing application framework APIs
Resources required
A software program that allows the use of adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the client and server, such as a man-in-the-middle proxy.
Weaknesses it exploits
- CWE-311 Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
- CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
- CWE-346 Origin Validation Error
- CWE-471 Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID)
- CWE-602 Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Recent CVEs with these weaknesses
- 8.1CVE-2026-108187
Origin Validation Error in Zoom Workplace for Windows may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.
- 7.4CVE-2026-120999
Improper Authentication vulnerability in Google sign-in and email confirmation in nerves-hub nerves_hub_web allows an attacker who registers another person's email address to share that person's account once they sign in. NervesHub.Account…
- 8.1CVE-2026-123802
SuperTokens Core is an open source authentication server. From 11.3.0 until 11.3.8, 11.4.8, 12.0.11, 12.1.2, 12.2.1, and 12.3.1, a licensed deployment with a configured SAML client can authenticate an identity from an assertion that did no…
- 7.4CVE-2026-123801
SuperTokens Core is an open source authentication server. From 11.3.0 until 11.3.8, 11.4.8, 12.0.11, 12.1.2, 12.2.1, and 12.3.1, SAML.handleCallback does not consume RelayState, record assertion identifiers, or enforce Response.InResponseT…
- 8.1CVE-2026-115338
Insufficient protection of communications in Progress WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2025.0.5 could allow a network attacker to intercept sensitive information or modify requests when unencrypted connections are used.
- 6.3CVE-2026-124249
http.cookiejar.CookieJar deleted a stored cookie when a response carried an already expired Set-Cookie header for it, using the Domain and Path attributes from the header without consulting the cookie policy. A server could therefore delet…
- 5.9CVE-2026-118795
Administrative roles and module permissions are stored in mutable local database fields, allowing privilege escalation for attackers with database write access.
- 4.3CVE-2026-112369
IBM Process Mining 2.0.0 through 2.2.1 could allow an authenticated user to perform unauthorized actions due to client-side enforcement of sever side security mechanisms.
The newest records naming one of them. Each weakness's page lists them all.
Related attack patterns
- Part of
- CAPEC-94 Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
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