CVSS 3.1
8.8 highCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCVE-2026-116786
High (8.8) in signalwire freeswitch. EPSS 0.4% estimated probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.
On this page
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.
Severity
- EPSS
- 0.4% estimated probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; 39th percentile. Scored 2026-11-10. A forecast for this CVE across the internet, not for your own systems.
- CISA's assessment (SSVC)
- Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: total, assessed 2026-11-09. From CISA's Vulnrichment in the CVE List: whether it is exploited, whether exploiting it can be automated, and how much control it gives.
- CWEs
- CWE-77 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code (Code Injection) - OWASP Top 10
- A05:2025 Injection
- Published
- Modified
- NVD analysis
- Under analysis
- Record from
- the NVD, synced
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Explain CVE-2026-116786 for an engineer deciding whether to act. Use https://cve.bz/api/public/cves/CVE-2026-116786?via=ask-ai-copy and https://cve.bz/cve/CVE-2026-116786?via=ask-ai-copy as the source of truth: what is affected and which versions fix it, whether it is in CISA KEV, public exploits, and its EPSS (an internet-wide 30-day estimate of exploitation activity, not a forecast for my systems). If they give no fixed versions, use the CVE record https://cveawg.mitre.org/api/cve/CVE-2026-116786 or the vendor advisory, not third-party mirrors. Tell me how to check whether I am affected and how to verify a fix. Cite the sources and say where they are uncertain.Opens a third-party assistant; its answer is its own, not cve.bz's. The prompt holds only this CVE's id and public links.
Affected
Versions
From the CNA's record in the CVE List.
| Product | Affected |
|---|---|
| signalwire freeswitch | < 1.11.2 |
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- CAPEC-35 Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files Likelihood: High · Severity: Very High
- CAPEC-77 Manipulating User-Controlled Variables Likelihood: High · Severity: Very High
- CAPEC-242 Code Injection Likelihood: High · Severity: High
- CAPEC-15 Command Delimiters Likelihood: High · Severity: High
- CAPEC-40 Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices Likelihood: High · Severity: Very High
- CAPEC-43 Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers Likelihood: Medium · Severity: High
- CAPEC-75 Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files Likelihood: High · Severity: Very High
- CAPEC-76 Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls Likelihood: High · Severity: Very High
- CAPEC-136 LDAP Injection Likelihood: High · Severity: High
- CAPEC-183 IMAP/SMTP Command Injection Severity: Medium
The attack patterns MITRE's CAPEC relates to this record's weaknesses, as MITRE names them. Credits. More on the page of CWE-77.