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CVE-2026-109518

7.7 highEPSS 0.9%

High (7.7). EPSS 0.9% estimated probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.

On this page
On Debian, Ubuntu, and derivative Linux distributions, an on-path attacker who can manipulate the HTTP traffic (including a malicious mirror or proxy) between an APT client and an archive server triggered by a package install can trick the client into installing an attacker-controlled unverified package and achieve remote code execution with root privileges. The vulnerability is caused by the reuse of hard links and requires the client to follow redirects and retry the download of package files. It requires the client to have a non-zero Acquire::Retries configuration setting; the value 3 is the default starting with Debian 12 (bookworm) and Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish), so older releases are unaffected in a default configuration

Severity

CVSS 4.0

7.7 high
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
EPSS
0.9% estimated probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; 61st percentile. Scored 2026-11-10. A forecast for this CVE across the internet, not for your own systems.
CISA's assessment (SSVC)
Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: total, assessed 2026-11-04. From CISA's Vulnrichment in the CVE List: whether it is exploited, whether exploiting it can be automated, and how much control it gives.
CWEs
CWE-62 UNIX Hard Link
CWE-367 Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Published
Modified
NVD analysis
Awaiting analysis
Record from
the NVD, synced

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Affected

Versions

From the CNA's record in the CVE List.

ProductAffected
Debian APTbefore 1.2.36
Debian APTfrom 1.4.0 before 1.4.12
Debian APTfrom 1.6.0 before 1.6.19
Debian APTfrom 1.8.0 before 1.8.2.4
Debian APTfrom 1.8.3 through 1.8.5
Debian APTfrom 2.0.0 before 2.0.12
Debian APTfrom 2.2.0 before 2.2.5
Debian APTfrom 2.4.0 before 2.4.15
Debian APTfrom 2.6.0 before 2.6.2
Debian APTfrom 2.8.0 before 2.8.4
Debian APTfrom 3.0.0 before 3.0.4
Debian APTfrom 3.2.0 before 3.2.1
Debian APTfrom 3.3.0 before 3.3.6
Ubuntu APTbefore 1.0.1ubuntu2.24+esm4
Ubuntu APTfrom 1.2.0 before 1.2.36+esm1
Ubuntu APTfrom 1.6.0 before 1.6.19+esm1
Ubuntu APTfrom 2.0.0 before 2.0.12+esm1
Ubuntu APTfrom 2.4.0 before 2.4.15ubuntu0.1
Ubuntu APTfrom 2.8.0 before 2.8.4ubuntu0.1
Ubuntu APTfrom 3.2.0 before 3.2.1ubuntu0.1
Ubuntu APTfrom 3.3.0 before 3.3.3ubuntu0.1

Linux distributions

DistributionReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian12apt2.6.2DEBIAN-CVE-2026-109518
Debian13apt3.0.4DEBIAN-CVE-2026-109518
Debian14apt3.3.6DEBIAN-CVE-2026-109518
Ubuntu22.04:LTSapt2.4.15ubuntu0.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-109518 USN-8996-1
Ubuntu24.04:LTSapt2.8.4ubuntu0.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-109518 USN-8996-1
Ubuntu26.04:LTSapt3.2.1ubuntu0.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-109518 USN-8996-1
Ubuntu26.10apt3.3.3ubuntu0.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-109518 USN-8996-1
UbuntuPro:14.04:LTSapt1.0.1ubuntu2.24+esm4UBUNTU-CVE-2026-109518 USN-8996-1
UbuntuPro:16.04:LTSapt1.2.36+esm1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-109518 USN-8996-1
UbuntuPro:18.04:LTSapt1.6.19+esm1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-109518 USN-8996-1
UbuntuPro:20.04:LTSapt2.0.12+esm1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-109518 USN-8996-1
Alpinev3.24apt3.2.1-r0ALPINE-CVE-2026-109518

From the distributions' data via OSV.dev: the Debian Security Tracker; Ubuntu Security Notices © Canonical Ltd., CC BY-SA 4.0; the Alpine secdb, CC BY-SA 4.0. Modified: reformatted and linked to CVE records. Credits. On the distributions' own pages: Debian · Ubuntu · Alpine.

Red Hat

Red Hat rates this Important.

Red Hat's statement

In Red Hat deployments, this vulnerability is evaluated with an Important impact because an on-path adversary could achieve full administrative takeover by tampering with package downloads, an outcome warranting an Important rating over Moderate despite requiring active traffic interception. Red Hat Enterprise Linux and supported platforms natively utilize RPM and DNF rather than APT for software packaging and system management. As the APT package manager is neither shipped nor supported in standard Red Hat environments, typical installations do not expose this package retry functionality.

Red Hat's mitigation

Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base, or stability.

--- CME Mitigation Guidance (2026-11-06) ---

Disclaimer: The following mitigation solutions are provided as a courtesy, pending the application of an official patch. This content was generated utilizing AI tools in conjunction with data from https://cmetaxonomy.org. Customers are advised to independently evaluate and test these temporary mitigations within their own infrastructure.

The highest-value action is to eliminate unverified package substitution by disabling download retries in apt configuration or securing repository transport: upgrade to APT 2.6.2 / 3.0.4 (or the fixed Apt builds), which correct file handling and link management when resuming redirected downloads to prevent unverified file substitution, closing all 2 injection vectors (HTTP redirect injection during package download retries, package file substitution via reused hard links upon download resumption). Until patched, this is only a concern on Debian, Ubuntu, and derivative Linux systems running APT with Acquire::Retries set to a non-zero value — Standard Red Hat environments using RPM and DNF rather than APT are unaffected — so Set Acquire::Retries 0 in apt.conf to prevent download resumption and avoid untrusted mirrors or unencrypted network paths. As a compensating measure, Configure auditd to monitor unexpected hard link creation and unauthorized process execution during package installs, Deploy IPsec or WireGuard to encrypt repository traffic and prevent on-path redirect injection during retries, Maintain SELinux in enforcing mode to confine package installation processes and post-install maintainer scripts, and Enable IMA/EVM appraisal to verify cryptographic integrity and block execution of unsigned substituted binaries. These controls limit blast radius and contain exploitation, but they do not fix the underlying insecure hard link reuse defect — apply the upstream patch to fully remediate.

Highest-impact CME: CME-204 IPsec / WireGuard (Encrypted Transport) (medium)

ProductPackageStateAdvisory
Red Hat Hardened ImagesaptUnder investigation

Contains Red Hat Security Data © Red Hat, Inc., licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://access.redhat.com/security/data. Modified: reformatted. Red Hat's page for CVE-2026-109518.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

  • CAPEC-27 Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links Likelihood: Medium · Severity: High
  • CAPEC-29 Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions Likelihood: High · Severity: High

The attack patterns MITRE's CAPEC relates to this record's weaknesses, as MITRE names them. Credits.

References

Check your stackJSON