CVSS 3.1
9.1 criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:NCVE-2026-101031 Apache Airflow: Shell command injection in the example_dag_decorator example Dag via an IPv6 zone identifier
Critical (9.1) in apache software foundation apache airflow. EPSS 0.4% estimated probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days.
On this page
The `example_dag_decorator` example Dag shipped with Apache Airflow validated an IP address fetched over HTTP with Python's `ipaddress` module and then placed it into a shell command. `ipaddress` accepts IPv6 zone identifiers containing arbitrary characters, so when example Dags are loaded (`load_examples` enabled), a user who can trigger that Dag with a custom `url` parameter could point it at a server whose response injects shell commands run on the worker. This is an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-54941; users who upgraded for CVE-2025-54941 should upgrade again. Users are advised to upgrade to apache-airflow 3.4.0 or later, or to disable example Dags (`load_examples = False`), which is recommended for production.
Severity
- EPSS
- 0.4% estimated probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; 38th percentile. Scored 2026-11-13. A forecast for this CVE across the internet, not for your own systems.
- CISA's assessment (SSVC)
- Exploitation: none · Automatable: yes · Technical impact: total, assessed 2026-11-12. From CISA's Vulnrichment in the CVE List: whether it is exploited, whether exploiting it can be automated, and how much control it gives.
- CWE
- CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection)
- OWASP Top 10
- A05:2025 Injection
- Published
- Modified
- Assigned by
- apache (CNA)
- NVD analysis
- Awaiting analysis
- Record from
- the NVD, synced
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Affected
- apache software foundation:apache airflow
Versions
From the CNA's record in the CVE List.
| Product | Affected |
|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation Apache Airflow | from 3.0.5 before 3.4.0 |
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- CAPEC-6 Argument Injection Likelihood: High · Severity: High
- CAPEC-15 Command Delimiters Likelihood: High · Severity: High
- CAPEC-43 Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers Likelihood: Medium · Severity: High
- CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection Likelihood: High · Severity: High
- CAPEC-108 Command Line Execution through SQL Injection Likelihood: Low · Severity: Very High
The attack patterns MITRE's CAPEC relates to this record's weaknesses, as MITRE names them. Credits.
History
- Scored 9.1 critical
Changes since this site first stored the record. The same for every record: /api/public/changes.