CVE-2025-4412

4.8 mediumEPSS 0.2%

Medium (4.8). EPSS 0.2% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days.

On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission. This issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.

Severity

CVSS 4.0

4.8 medium

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days; higher than 5% of CVEs (scores of 2026-10-31)
CWE: CWE-276
Published: 2025-05-27
Modified: 2026-06-17
Record from: the NVD, synced 2026-10-19

References

https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/05/tcc-bypass/
https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/

Check your stack JSON