High (7.5). EPSS 4.1% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Fixed in puma 3.12.5, 4.3.4.
In Puma (RubyGem) before 4.3.4 and 3.12.5, an attacker could smuggle an HTTP response, by using an invalid transfer-encoding header. The problem has been fixed in Puma 3.12.5 and Puma 4.3.4.
Severity
CVSS 3.1
7.5 high
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
EPSS
4.1% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days; higher than 90% of CVEs (scores of 2026-10-31)