High (8.8). EPSS 8.1% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Fixed in org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.3.29.
Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.
Severity
CVSS 3.0
8.8 high
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS
8.1% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days; higher than 94% of CVEs (scores of 2026-10-31)