{"cve":"CVE-2026-9189","nvd":{"published":"2026-05-29T09:16:18.560","modified":"2026-07-21T12:10:00.090","status":"Deferred","description":"The Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Payment Bypass via Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.9. Although `cf7pp_paypal_ipn_handler()` correctly validates IPN authenticity by posting back to PayPal with `cmd=_notify-validate`, it fails to compare the IPN payload's `mc_gross` (payment amount), `mc_currency`, or `receiver_email` fields against the corresponding stored order values before passing the attacker-controlled `invoice` field directly to `cf7pp_complete_payment()`, which marks the order completed after only an integer cast with no amount verification. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary high-value pending orders as fully paid by making a minimal real PayPal payment and crafting an IPN whose `invoice` parameter references the targeted order, effectively completing purchases without tendering the required payment amount.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","score":5.3},"cwes":["CWE-345"],"references":["https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/functions.php#L31","https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106","https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L75","https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/functions.php#L31","https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:37:48.043517290+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2026-9189","score":0.00204,"percentile":0.10422,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}