{"cve":"CVE-2026-85394","nvd":{"published":"2026-09-03T19:17:31.257","modified":"2026-09-24T20:43:32.537","status":"Deferred","description":"python-jose through 3.5.0 fails to properly validate asymmetric keys in HMAC initialization, accepting DER-encoded public keys that lack PEM armor or SSH prefixes. Attackers holding the service's public key can forge HS256 tokens that pass verification when algorithms are not explicitly restricted. This is an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-33663.","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":9.3},"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","score":9.1},"cwes":["CWE-347"],"references":["https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6c5p-j8vq-pqhj","https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose","https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/blob/018b310ddb8b50dcfd09a0c152117835a21dd656/jose/backends/native.py","https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/blob/018b310ddb8b50dcfd09a0c152117835a21dd656/jose/utils.py","https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/issues/414"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:52:03.409947763+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2026-85394","score":0.00222,"percentile":0.12871,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-3qf3-8w2g-rqmx","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-3qf3-8w2g-rqmx","summary":"python-jose algorithm confusion guard bypassed by DER-encoded public keys","modified":"2026-10-15T14:56:01.261338787Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"python-jose","purl":"pkg:pypi/python-jose","ranges":["<=3.5.0"],"fixed":[]}]},{"id":"GHSA-6c5p-j8vq-pqhj","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-6c5p-j8vq-pqhj","summary":"python-jose algorithm confusion with OpenSSH ECDSA keys","modified":"2026-10-15T14:56:01.261338787Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"python-jose","purl":"pkg:pypi/python-jose","ranges":["<3.4.0"],"fixed":["3.4.0"]}]},{"id":"PYSEC-2024-232","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/PYSEC-2024-232","summary":"","modified":"2026-10-15T14:56:01.261338787Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"python-jose","purl":"pkg:pypi/python-jose","ranges":["<3.4.0"],"fixed":["3.4.0"]}]},{"id":"PYSEC-2026-4298","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/PYSEC-2026-4298","summary":"python-jose algorithm confusion guard bypassed by DER-encoded public keys","modified":"2026-10-15T14:56:01.261338787Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"python-jose","purl":"pkg:pypi/python-jose","ranges":["<=3.5.0"],"fixed":[]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}