{"cve":"CVE-2026-54496","nvd":{"published":"2026-07-17T17:17:16.620","modified":"2026-07-17T18:45:20.713","status":"Deferred","description":"ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to zebrad 5.0.0, halo2_gadgets 0.5.0, orchard 0.14.0, zcash_primitives 0.28.0, and zcashd 6.20.0, the variable-base scalar multiplication gadget in halo2_gadgets/src/ecc/chip/mul/incomplete.rs used assign_advice() for the base point without a copy constraint tying it to the actual base, allowing a malicious prover to produce a valid proof for an Orchard Action with an under-constrained base point and bypass the diversified-address-integrity check that binds pk_d, g_d, ivk, the nullifier (nf), and the spend validating key (ak) to the note being spent. This issue is fixed in zebrad 5.0.0, halo2_gadgets 0.5.0, orchard 0.14.0, zcash_primitives 0.28.0, and zcashd 6.20.0.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L","score":9.3},"cwes":["CWE-345"],"references":["https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/releases/tag/v5.0.0","https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46","https://github.com/zcash/halo2/releases/tag/halo2_gadgets-0.5.0","https://github.com/zcash/librustzcash/releases/tag/zcash_primitives-0.28.0","https://github.com/zcash/orchard/releases/tag/0.14.0"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:45:36.895656543+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2026-54496","score":0.00315,"percentile":0.24501,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46","summary":"Zebra: Missing copy constraint in halo2_gadgets variable-base scalar multiplication allows under-constrained base, breaking Orchard Action circuit soundness","modified":"2026-07-06T21:41:31.505669Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"crates.io","name":"zebrad","purl":"pkg:cargo/zebrad","ranges":["<5.0.0"],"fixed":["5.0.0"]},{"ecosystem":"crates.io","name":"halo2_gadgets","purl":"pkg:cargo/halo2_gadgets","ranges":["<0.5.0"],"fixed":["0.5.0"]},{"ecosystem":"crates.io","name":"orchard","purl":"pkg:cargo/orchard","ranges":["<0.14.0"],"fixed":["0.14.0"]},{"ecosystem":"crates.io","name":"zcash_primitives","purl":"pkg:cargo/zcash_primitives","ranges":["<0.28.0"],"fixed":["0.28.0"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}