{"cve":"CVE-2026-40342","nvd":{"published":"2026-04-17T20:16:35.930","modified":"2026-10-26T22:10:00.163","status":"Analyzed","description":"Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.9},"cwes":["CWE-22","CWE-73","CWE-94","CWE-427"],"references":["https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14","https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7","https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4","https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257"],"products":["firebirdsql:firebird"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-26T22:26:44.656832877+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2026-40342","score":0.00692,"percentile":0.5263,"date":"2026-10-26"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}