{"cve":"CVE-2026-40158","nvd":{"published":"2026-04-10T17:17:13.603","modified":"2026-10-26T21:10:00.170","status":"Analyzed","description":"PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI's AST-based Python sandbox can be bypassed using type.__getattribute__ trampoline, allowing arbitrary code execution when running untrusted agent code. The _execute_code_direct function in praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py uses AST filtering to block dangerous Python attributes like __subclasses__, __globals__, and __bases__. However, the filter only checks ast.Attribute nodes, allowing a bypass. The sandbox relies on AST-based filtering of attribute access but fails to account for dynamic attribute resolution via built-in methods such as type.getattribute, resulting in incomplete enforcement of security restrictions. The string '__subclasses__' is an ast.Constant, not an ast.Attribute, so it is never checked against the blocked list. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.8},"cwes":["CWE-94","CWE-693"],"references":["https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-3c4r-6p77-xwr7"],"products":["praison:praisonai"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-26T21:38:48.864438205+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2026-40158","score":0.0024,"percentile":0.14973,"date":"2026-10-26"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-3c4r-6p77-xwr7","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-3c4r-6p77-xwr7","summary":"PraisonAI Vulnerable to Code Injection and Protection Mechanism Failure","modified":"2026-07-13T16:42:34.911223860Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"praisonai","purl":"pkg:pypi/praisonai","ranges":["<4.5.128"],"fixed":["4.5.128"]}]},{"id":"PYSEC-2026-2898","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/PYSEC-2026-2898","summary":"PraisonAI Vulnerable to Code Injection and Protection Mechanism Failure","modified":"2026-07-13T16:32:48.419150427Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"praisonai","purl":"pkg:pypi/praisonai","ranges":["<4.5.128"],"fixed":["4.5.128"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}