{"cve":"CVE-2026-33895","nvd":{"published":"2026-03-27T21:17:26.157","modified":"2026-10-26T22:10:00.163","status":"Modified","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, Ed25519 signature verification accepts forged non-canonical signatures where the scalar S is not reduced modulo the group order (`S >= L`). A valid signature and its `S + L` variant both verify in forge, while Node.js `crypto.verify` (OpenSSL-backed) rejects the `S + L` variant, as defined by the specification. This class of signature malleability has been exploited in practice to bypass authentication and authorization logic (see CVE-2026-25793, CVE-2022-35961). Applications relying on signature uniqueness (i.e., dedup by signature bytes, replay tracking, signed-object canonicalization checks) may be bypassed. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":7.5},"cwes":["CWE-347"],"references":["https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13826","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761"],"products":["digitalbazaar:forge"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-26T22:26:44.656832877+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2026-33895","score":0.00527,"percentile":0.44337,"date":"2026-10-26"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw","summary":"Forge has signature forgery in Ed25519 due to missing S > L check","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:40.409799910Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"node-forge","purl":"pkg:npm/node-forge","ranges":["<1.4.0"],"fixed":["1.4.0"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}