{"cve":"CVE-2026-23988","nvd":{"published":"2026-01-22T22:16:21.193","modified":"2026-06-17T10:22:24.153","status":"Analyzed","description":"Rufus is a utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash drives. Versions 4.11 and below contain a race condition (TOCTOU) in src/net.c during the creation, validation, and execution of the Fido PowerShell script. Since Rufus runs with elevated privileges (Administrator) but writes the script to the %TEMP% directory (writeable by standard users) without locking the file, a local attacker can replace the legitimate script with a malicious one between the file write operation and the execution step. This allows arbitrary code execution with Administrator privileges. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12_BETA.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.0},"cwes":["CWE-367"],"references":["https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/commit/460cc5768aa45be07941b9e4ebc9bee02d282873","https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/tag/v4.12_BETA","https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/security/advisories/GHSA-hcx5-hrhj-xhq9"],"products":["akeo:rufus"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:21:16.563232421+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2026-23988","score":0.00206,"percentile":0.10638,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}