{"cve":"CVE-2025-65855","nvd":{"published":"2025-12-17T17:15:50.657","modified":"2026-10-13T11:10:00.203","status":"Analyzed","description":"The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":6.6},"cwes":["CWE-319","CWE-494","CWE-798"],"references":["https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/","https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/"],"products":["netun:helpflash_iot_firmware"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:17:07.138532058+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-65855","score":0.00104,"percentile":0.01011,"date":"2026-10-25"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}