{"cve":"CVE-2025-64526","nvd":{"published":"2026-05-14T19:16:29.233","modified":"2026-10-14T13:10:00.187","status":"Analyzed","description":"Strapi is an open source headless content management system. In Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes whose body schema does not contain an `email` field (`/auth/local`, `/auth/reset-password`, `/auth/change-password`). An unauthenticated attacker could include an arbitrary `email` value in the request body to obtain a fresh rate-limit key per request, effectively bypassing per-IP throttling on those routes and enabling high-volume credential brute-force, password-reset code brute-force, and credential-stuffing attempts. The rate-limit key was constructed as `${userIdentifier}:${requestPath}:${ctx.request.ip}`, where `userIdentifier = ctx.request.body.email`. On routes that legitimately use email as their identifier (e.g. `/auth/forgot-password`, `/auth/local/register`), this scoping is correct. On routes that use a different identifier (`identifier` for login, `code` for password reset, `currentPassword` for password change), the email field was not part of the route contract, but the middleware still incorporated it into the key, allowing a caller to rotate the value and obtain a unique key on every request. The patch in version 5.45.0 maintains an allow-list of routes that legitimately key on the email field and excludes that key component on every other route the middleware is mounted on. OAuth callback paths (`/connect/*`) are treated identifier-less. On routes outside the allow-list, the middleware now falls back to a fixed identifier-less key, ensuring per-IP throttling remains effective even when the request body is attacker-controlled.","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":6.9},"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","score":5.3},"cwes":["CWE-307"],"references":["https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/5e0d243cba9830e6f791de6a94798bcde51468db","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/24818","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v5.45.0","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw"],"products":["strapi:strapi"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:35:16.954578616+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-64526","score":0.00492,"percentile":0.41991,"date":"2026-10-25"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","summary":"Strapi has a rate limit bypass on users-permissions plugin via attacker-controlled email keying","modified":"2026-05-16T00:05:28.260538Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@strapi/plugin-users-permissions","purl":"pkg:npm/%40strapi/plugin-users-permissions","ranges":["<5.45.0"],"fixed":["5.45.0"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}