{"cve":"CVE-2025-59144","nvd":{"published":"2025-09-15T20:15:39.073","modified":"2026-10-19T17:10:00.173","status":"Deferred","description":"debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2 was published, functionally identical to the previous patch version, but with a malware payload added attempting to redirect cryptocurrency transactions to the attacker's own addresses from within browser environments. Local environments, server environments, command line applications, etc. are not affected. If the package was used in a browser context (e.g. a direct <script> inclusion, or via a bundling tool such as Babel, Rollup, Vite, Next.js, etc.) there is a chance the malware still exists and such bundles will need to be rebuilt. The malware seemingly only targets cryptocurrency transactions and wallets such as MetaMask. npm removed the offending package from the registry over the course of the day on 8 September, preventing further downloads from npm proper. On 13 September, the package owner published new patch versions to help cache-bust those using private registries who might still have the compromised version cached. Users should upgrade to the latest patch version, completely remove their node_modules directory, clean their package manager's global cache, and rebuild any browser bundles from scratch. Those operating private registries or registry mirrors should purge the offending versions from any caches. This issue has been resolved in 4.4.3.","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:A/U:Red","score":8.8},"cvss_v3":null,"cwes":["CWE-506"],"references":["https://github.com/debug-js/debug/issues/1005","https://github.com/debug-js/debug/security/advisories/GHSA-4x49-vf9v-38px","https://socket.dev/blog/npm-author-qix-compromised-in-major-supply-chain-attack","https://www.aikido.dev/blog/npm-debug-and-chalk-packages-compromised","https://www.ox.security/blog/npm-packages-compromised"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:08:41.295252406+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-59144","score":0.00457,"percentile":0.39367,"date":"2026-10-25"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-4x49-vf9v-38px","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-4x49-vf9v-38px","summary":"debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover","modified":"2025-09-16T06:44:36.384185Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"debug","purl":"pkg:npm/debug","ranges":[">=4.4.2 <4.4.3"],"fixed":["4.4.3"]}]},{"id":"MAL-2025-46974","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/MAL-2025-46974","summary":"Malicious code in debug (npm)","modified":"2025-09-16T06:44:36.384185Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"debug","purl":"pkg:npm/debug","ranges":["4.4.2"],"fixed":[]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}