{"cve":"CVE-2025-59043","nvd":{"published":"2025-10-17T16:15:38.763","modified":"2026-10-19T16:10:00.260","status":"Analyzed","description":"OpenBao is an open source identity-based secrets management system. In OpenBao versions prior to 2.4.1, JSON objects after decoding may use significantly more memory than their serialized version. It is possible to craft a JSON payload to maximize the factor between serialized memory usage and deserialized memory usage, similar to a zip bomb, with factors reaching approximately 35. This can be used to circumvent the max_request_size configuration parameter which is intended to protect against denial of service attacks. The request body is parsed into a map very early in the request handling chain before authentication, which means an unauthenticated attacker can send a specifically crafted JSON object and cause an out-of-memory crash. Additionally, for requests with large numbers of strings, the audit subsystem can consume large quantities of CPU. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.4.1.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5},"cwes":["CWE-400"],"references":["https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go#L50","https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/d418f238bc99adc72c73109faf574cc2b672880c","https://github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/1756","https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m"],"products":["openbao:openbao"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:12:35.277909958+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-59043","score":0.00688,"percentile":0.5243,"date":"2026-10-25"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m","summary":"OpenBao has potential Denial of Service vulnerability when processing malicious unauthenticated JSON requests","modified":"2026-07-27T09:11:37.253277712Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/openbao/openbao","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/openbao/openbao","ranges":["<2.4.1"],"fixed":["2.4.1"]}]},{"id":"GO-2025-4039","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2025-4039","summary":"OpenBao has potential Denial of Service vulnerability when processing malicious unauthenticated JSON requests in github.com/openbao/openbao","modified":"2026-07-27T09:11:37.253277712Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/openbao/openbao","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/openbao/openbao","ranges":["all versions"],"fixed":[]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}