{"cve":"CVE-2025-52884","nvd":{"published":"2025-06-24T21:15:26.207","modified":"2026-06-17T09:37:12.740","status":"Deferred","description":"RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform, with Ethereum integration. The risc0-ethereum repository contains Solidity verifier contracts, Steel EVM view call library, and supporting code. Prior to versions 2.1.1 and 2.2.0, the `Steel.validateCommitment` Solidity library function will return `true` for a crafted commitment with a digest value of zero. This violates the semantics of `validateCommitment`, as this does not commitment to a block that is in the current chain. Because the digest is zero, it does not correspond to any block and there exist no known openings. As a result, this commitment will never be produced by a correct zkVM guest using Steel and leveraging this bug to compromise the soundness of a program using Steel would require a separate bug or misuse of the Steel library, which is expected to be used to validate the root of state opening proofs. A fix has been released as part of `risc0-ethereum` 2.1.1 and 2.2.0. Users for the `Steel` Solidity library versions 2.1.0 or earlier should ensure they are using `Steel.validateCommitment` in tandem with zkVM proof verification of a Steel program, as shown in the ERC-20 counter example, and documentation. This is the correct usage of Steel, and users following this pattern are not at risk, and do not need to take action. Users not verifying a zkVM proof of a Steel program should update their application to do so, as this is incorrect usage of Steel.","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","score":1.7},"cvss_v3":null,"cwes":["CWE-159"],"references":["https://docs.beboundless.xyz/developers/steel/how-it-works#verifying-the-proof-onchain","https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/blob/ff0cb9253a87945b653b825711b8b5075f8b7545/examples/erc20-counter/contracts/src/Counter.sol#L56-L63","https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/commit/3bbac859c7132b21ba5fdf2d47f1dd52e7e73d98","https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/pull/605","https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.1.1"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:03:23.287444849+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-52884","score":0.00414,"percentile":0.35778,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-gjv3-89hh-9xq2","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-gjv3-89hh-9xq2","summary":"RISC Zero Ethereum invalid commitment with digest value of zero accepted by Steel.validateCommitment","modified":"2025-06-25T21:42:11.838495Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"crates.io","name":"risc0-ethereum-contracts","purl":"pkg:cargo/risc0-ethereum-contracts","ranges":["<2.1.1"],"fixed":["2.1.1"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}