{"cve":"CVE-2025-52471","nvd":{"published":"2025-06-24T20:15:26.033","modified":"2026-06-17T09:36:33.323","status":"Analyzed","description":"ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. An integer underflow vulnerability has been identified in the ESP-NOW protocol implementation within the ESP Wi-Fi component of versions 5.4.1, 5.3.3, 5.2.5, and 5.1.6 of the ESP-IDF framework. This issue stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied data length in the packet receive function. Under certain conditions, this may lead to out-of-bounds memory access and may allow arbitrary memory write operations. On systems without a memory protection scheme, this behavior could potentially be used to achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the target device. In versions 5.4.2, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, and 5.1.6, ESP-NOW has added more comprehensive validation logic on user-supplied data length during packet reception to prevent integer underflow caused by negative value calculations. For ESP-IDF v5.3 and earlier, a workaround can be applied by validating that the `data_len` parameter received in the RX callback (registered via `esp_now_register_recv_cb()`) is a positive value before further processing. For ESP-IDF v5.4 and later, no application-level workaround is available. Users are advised to upgrade to a patched version of ESP-IDF to take advantage of the built-in mitigation.","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","score":7.2},"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8},"cwes":["CWE-191"],"references":["https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/b1a379d57430d265a53aca13d59ddfbf2e7ac409","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/c5fc81917805f99e687c81cc56b68dc5df7ef8b5","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d4dafbdc3572387cd4f9a62b776580bc4ac3bde7","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d6ec5a52255b17c1d6ef379e89f9de2c379042f8","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/df7757d8279871fa7a2f42ef3962c6c1ec88b8a2"],"products":["espressif:esp-idf"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:03:23.287444849+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-52471","score":0.00914,"percentile":0.60135,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}