{"cve":"CVE-2025-51606","nvd":{"published":"2025-08-21T21:15:35.650","modified":"2026-06-17T09:35:42.683","status":"Deferred","description":"hippo4j 1.0.0 to 1.5.0, uses a hard-coded secret key in its JWT (JSON Web Token) creation. This allows attackers with access to the source code or compiled binary to forge valid access tokens and impersonate any user, including privileged ones such as \"admin\". The vulnerability poses a critical security risk in systems where authentication and authorization rely on the integrity of JWTs.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.8},"cwes":["CWE-798"],"references":["https://github.com/ShenxiuSec/cve-proofs/blob/main/POC-20250610-01.md"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:07:46.309729541+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-51606","score":0.00353,"percentile":0.29055,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-48cg-9c55-j2q7","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-48cg-9c55-j2q7","summary":"hippo4j Includes Hard Coded Secret Key in JWT Creation","modified":"2025-08-22T21:12:31.488029Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"cn.hippo4j:hippo4j-core","purl":"pkg:maven/cn.hippo4j/hippo4j-core","ranges":[">=1.0.0 <=1.5.0"],"fixed":[]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}