{"cve":"CVE-2025-4565","nvd":{"published":"2025-06-16T15:15:24.990","modified":"2026-06-17T09:33:31.963","status":"Analyzed","description":"Any project that uses Protobuf Pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of recursive groups, recursive messages or a series of SGROUP tags can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit. This can result in a Denial of service by crashing the application with a RecursionError. We recommend upgrading to version =>6.31.1 or beyond commit 17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":8.2},"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","score":5.3},"cwes":["CWE-674"],"references":["https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901"],"products":["google:protobuf-python"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:03:23.287444849+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-4565","score":0.00255,"percentile":0.17167,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7","summary":"protobuf-python has a potential Denial of Service issue","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:25.255076549Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:pypi/protobuf","ranges":["<4.25.8"],"fixed":["4.25.8"]},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:pypi/protobuf","ranges":[">=5.26.0rc1 <5.29.5"],"fixed":["5.29.5"]},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:pypi/protobuf","ranges":[">=6.30.0rc1 <6.31.1"],"fixed":["6.31.1"]}]},{"id":"PYSEC-2026-1806","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/PYSEC-2026-1806","summary":"protobuf-python has a potential Denial of Service issue","modified":"2026-07-07T17:48:07.186137733Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:pypi/protobuf","ranges":["<4.25.8",">=5.26.0rc1 <5.29.5",">=6.30.0rc1 <6.31.1"],"fixed":["4.25.8","5.29.5","6.31.1"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}