{"cve":"CVE-2025-40281","nvd":{"published":"2025-12-06T22:15:56.113","modified":"2026-10-15T19:10:00.173","status":"Deferred","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: prevent possible shift-out-of-bounds in sctp_transport_update_rto\n\nsyzbot reported a possible shift-out-of-bounds [1]\n\nBlamed commit added rto_alpha_max and rto_beta_max set to 1000.\n\nIt is unclear if some sctp users are setting very large rto_alpha\nand/or rto_beta.\n\nIn order to prevent user regression, perform the test at run time.\n\nAlso add READ_ONCE() annotations as sysctl values can change under us.\n\n[1]\n\nUBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in net/sctp/transport.c:509:41\nshift exponent 64 is too large for 32-bit type 'unsigned int'\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 16704 Comm: syz.2.2320 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n  __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n  dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n  ubsan_epilogue lib/ubsan.c:233 [inline]\n  __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x27f/0x420 lib/ubsan.c:494\n  sctp_transport_update_rto.cold+0x1c/0x34b net/sctp/transport.c:509\n  sctp_check_transmitted+0x11c4/0x1c30 net/sctp/outqueue.c:1502\n  sctp_outq_sack+0x4ef/0x1b20 net/sctp/outqueue.c:1338\n  sctp_cmd_process_sack net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:840 [inline]\n  sctp_cmd_interpreter net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:1372 [inline]","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":null,"cwes":[],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0e0413e3315199b23ff4aec295e256034cd0a6e4","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1534ff77757e44bcc4b98d0196bc5c0052fce5fa","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1cfa4eac275cc4875755c1303d48a4ddfe507ca8","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/834e65be429c0fa4f9bb5945064bd57f18ed2187","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aaba523dd7b6106526c24b1fd9b5fc35e5aaa88d"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:16:40.427100871+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-40281","score":0.00218,"percentile":0.12129,"date":"2026-10-25"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}