{"cve":"CVE-2025-40237","nvd":{"published":"2025-12-04T16:16:16.697","modified":"2026-10-19T21:10:00.160","status":"Deferred","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs/notify: call exportfs_encode_fid with s_umount\n\nCalling intotify_show_fdinfo() on fd watching an overlayfs inode, while\nthe overlayfs is being unmounted, can lead to dereferencing NULL ptr.\n\nThis issue was found by syzkaller.\n\nRace Condition Diagram:\n\nThread 1                           Thread 2\n--------                           --------\n\ngeneric_shutdown_super()\n shrink_dcache_for_umount\n  sb->s_root = NULL\n\n                    |\n                    |             vfs_read()\n                    |              inotify_fdinfo()\n                    |               * inode get from mark *\n                    |               show_mark_fhandle(m, inode)\n                    |                exportfs_encode_fid(inode, ..)\n                    |                 ovl_encode_fh(inode, ..)\n                    |                  ovl_check_encode_origin(inode)\n                    |                   * deref i_sb->s_root *\n                    |\n                    |\n                    v\n fsnotify_sb_delete(sb)\n\nWhich then leads to:\n\n[   32.133461] Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000006: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC KASAN NOPTI\n[   32.134438] KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000030-0x0000000000000037]\n[   32.135032] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 4468 Comm: systemd-coredum Not tainted 6.17.0-rc6 #22 PREEMPT(none)\n\n<snip registers, unreliable trace>\n\n[   32.143353] Call Trace:\n[   32.143732]  ovl_encode_fh+0xd5/0x170\n[   32.144031]  exportfs_encode_inode_fh+0x12f/0x300\n[   32.144425]  show_mark_fhandle+0xbe/0x1f0\n[   32.145805]  inotify_fdinfo+0x226/0x2d0\n[   32.146442]  inotify_show_fdinfo+0x1c5/0x350\n[   32.147168]  seq_show+0x530/0x6f0\n[   32.147449]  seq_read_iter+0x503/0x12a0\n[   32.148419]  seq_read+0x31f/0x410\n[   32.150714]  vfs_read+0x1f0/0x9e0\n[   32.152297]  ksys_read+0x125/0x240\n\nIOW ovl_check_encode_origin derefs inode->i_sb->s_root, after it was set\nto NULL in the unmount path.\n\nFix it by protecting calling exportfs_encode_fid() from\nshow_mark_fhandle() with s_umount lock.\n\nThis form of fix was suggested by Amir in [1].\n\n[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAOQ4uxhbDwhb+2Brs1UdkoF0a3NSdBAOQPNfEHjahrgoKJpLEw@mail.gmail.com/","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":null,"cwes":[],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3f307a9f7a7a2822e38ac451b73e2244e7279496","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/950b604384fd75d62e860bec7135b2b62eb4d508","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7c4bb43bfdc2b9f06ee9d036028ed13a83df42a","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc1c6b803e14ea2b8f7e33b7164013f666ceb656","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d1894bc542becb0fda61e7e513b09523cab44030"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-21T03:43:09.190223697+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-40237","score":0.00201,"percentile":0.09893,"date":"2026-10-25"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}