{"cve":"CVE-2025-38528","nvd":{"published":"2025-08-16T12:15:28.313","modified":"2026-10-15T22:18:44.843","status":"Modified","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers\n\nstatic const char fmt[] = \"%p%\";\n    bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));\n\nThe above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at\nruntime:\n\n    Please remove unsupported %\\x00 in format string\n    WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0\n\nThis happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,\ndetected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\x00 is then processed in the next\niteration and rejected.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":5.5},"cwes":[],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289"],"products":["debian:debian_linux","linux:linux_kernel"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:06:45.861874017+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-38528","score":0.00172,"percentile":0.06521,"date":"2026-10-25"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}