{"cve":"CVE-2025-31651","nvd":{"published":"2025-04-28T20:15:20.783","modified":"2026-06-17T09:10:44.123","status":"Modified","description":"Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible \nfor a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those \nrewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those \nconstraints could be bypassed.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102.\nThe following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are \nknown to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions \nmay also be affected.\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8},"cwes":["CWE-116"],"references":["https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org","http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html"],"products":["apache:tomcat"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:01:11.054312287+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-31651","score":0.04263,"percentile":0.91075,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr","summary":"Apache Tomcat Rewrite rule bypass","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:24.113174461Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina","ranges":[">=9.0.76 <9.0.104"],"fixed":["9.0.104"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina","ranges":[">=10.1.10 <10.1.40"],"fixed":["10.1.40"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina","ranges":[">=11.0.0-M2 <11.0.6"],"fixed":["11.0.6"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","ranges":[">=9.0.76 <9.0.104"],"fixed":["9.0.104"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","ranges":[">=10.1.10 <10.1.40"],"fixed":["10.1.40"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","ranges":[">=11.0.0-M2 <11.0.6"],"fixed":["11.0.6"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina","ranges":[">=8.5.0 <=8.5.100"],"fixed":[]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","ranges":[">=8.5.0 <=8.5.100"],"fixed":[]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}