{"cve":"CVE-2025-27104","nvd":{"published":"2025-02-21T22:15:13.773","modified":"2026-06-17T09:03:02.387","status":"Analyzed","description":"vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM. Multiple evaluation of a single expression is possible in the iterator target of a for loop. While the iterator expression cannot produce multiple writes, it can consume side effects produced in the loop body (e.g. read a storage variable updated in the loop body) and thus lead to unexpected program behavior. Specifically, reads in iterators which contain an ifexp (e.g. `for s: uint256 in ([read(), read()] if True else [])`) may interleave reads with writes in the loop body. Vyper for loops allow two kinds of iterator targets, namely the `range()` builtin and an iterable type, like SArray and DArray. During codegen, iterable lists are required to not produce any side-effects (in the following code, `range_scope` forces `iter_list` to be parsed in a constant context, which is checked against `is_constant`). However, this does not prevent the iterator from consuming side effects provided by the body of the loop. For SArrays on the other hand, `iter_list` is instantiated in the body of a `repeat` ir, so it can be evaluated several times. This issue is being addressed and is expected to be available in version 0.4.1. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as the patched release is available. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":2.3},"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5},"cwes":["CWE-662"],"references":["https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/4488","https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advisories/GHSA-h33q-mhmp-8p67"],"products":["vyperlang:vyper"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:59:48.811064707+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-27104","score":0.00447,"percentile":0.3886,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-h33q-mhmp-8p67","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-h33q-mhmp-8p67","summary":"Vyper has a double eval in For List Iter","modified":"2025-04-09T20:36:47.065588Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"vyper","purl":"pkg:pypi/vyper","ranges":["<0.4.1"],"fixed":["0.4.1"]}]},{"id":"PYSEC-2025-30","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/PYSEC-2025-30","summary":"","modified":"2025-04-09T17:59:22.089780Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"vyper","purl":"pkg:pypi/vyper","ranges":["<0.4.1"],"fixed":["0.4.1"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}