{"cve":"CVE-2025-25184","nvd":{"published":"2025-02-12T17:15:24.000","modified":"2026-06-17T09:00:26.543","status":"Modified","description":"Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10, Rack::CommonLogger can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs. When a user provides the authorization credentials via Rack::Auth::Basic, if success, the username will be put in env['REMOTE_USER'] and later be used by Rack::CommonLogger for logging purposes. The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile. Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files. Versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10 contain a fix.","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","score":5.7},"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":6.5},"cwes":["CWE-93","CWE-117"],"references":["https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/074ae244430cda05c27ca91cda699709cfb3ad8e","https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00016.html"],"products":["rack:rack"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:59:18.731010617+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-25184","score":0.01185,"percentile":0.67845,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg","summary":"Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:22.687203562Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","ranges":["<2.2.11"],"fixed":["2.2.11"]},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","ranges":[">=3.0 <3.0.12"],"fixed":["3.0.12"]},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","ranges":[">=3.1 <3.1.10"],"fixed":["3.1.10"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}