{"cve":"CVE-2025-24959","nvd":{"published":"2025-02-03T21:15:15.853","modified":"2026-06-17T08:59:53.010","status":"Deferred","description":"zx is a tool for writing better scripts. An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into `process.env`. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through `dotenv.stringify` are particularly vulnerable. This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to `dotenv.stringify`. Specifically, avoid using `\"`, `'`, and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":1.0},"cvss_v3":null,"cwes":["CWE-94"],"references":["https://github.com/google/zx/pull/1094","https://github.com/google/zx/security/advisories/GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:58:41.599736885+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-24959","score":0.00175,"percentile":0.06958,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87","summary":"ZX Allows Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API","modified":"2025-02-04T17:29:11Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"zx","purl":"pkg:npm/zx","ranges":[">=8.3.1 <8.3.2"],"fixed":["8.3.2"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}