{"cve":"CVE-2025-22126","nvd":{"published":"2025-04-16T15:16:06.727","modified":"2026-06-17T08:45:12.203","status":"Modified","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmd: fix mddev uaf while iterating all_mddevs list\n\nWhile iterating all_mddevs list from md_notify_reboot() and md_exit(),\nlist_for_each_entry_safe is used, and this can race with deletint the\nnext mddev, causing UAF:\n\nt1:\nspin_lock\n//list_for_each_entry_safe(mddev, n, ...)\n mddev_get(mddev1)\n // assume mddev2 is the next entry\n spin_unlock\n            t2:\n            //remove mddev2\n            ...\n            mddev_free\n            spin_lock\n            list_del\n            spin_unlock\n            kfree(mddev2)\n mddev_put(mddev1)\n spin_lock\n //continue dereference mddev2->all_mddevs\n\nThe old helper for_each_mddev() actually grab the reference of mddev2\nwhile holding the lock, to prevent from being freed. This problem can be\nfixed the same way, however, the code will be complex.\n\nHence switch to use list_for_each_entry, in this case mddev_put() can free\nthe mddev1 and it's not safe as well. Refer to md_seq_show(), also factor\nout a helper mddev_put_locked() to fix this problem.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.8},"cwes":["CWE-416"],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5462544ccbad3fc938a71b01fa5bd3a0dc2b750a","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8542870237c3a48ff049b6c5df5f50c8728284fa","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ca9f84de76723b358dfc0606668efdca54afc2e5","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d69a23d8e925f8052d657652a6875ec2712c7e33","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2a9f73ee408a460f4c9dfe03b4741d6b11652b8"],"products":["linux:linux_kernel"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:01:11.054312287+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-22126","score":0.00198,"percentile":0.09531,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}