{"cve":"CVE-2025-21791","nvd":{"published":"2025-02-27T03:15:19.970","modified":"2026-10-15T02:17:35.843","status":"Modified","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()\n\nl3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held:\n\nraw_sendmsg()\n ip_push_pending_frames()\n  ip_send_skb()\n   ip_local_out()\n    __ip_local_out()\n     l3mdev_ip_out()\n\nAdd rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid\na potential UAF.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.8},"cwes":["CWE-416"],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773"],"products":["linux:linux_kernel"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:59:48.811064707+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-21791","score":0.00268,"percentile":0.1882,"date":"2026-10-25"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}