{"cve":"CVE-2025-21598","nvd":{"published":"2025-01-09T19:15:20.123","modified":"2026-06-17T08:43:49.230","status":"Analyzed","description":"An Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved's routing protocol daemon (rpd) allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to send malformed BGP packets to a device configured with packet receive trace options enabled to crash rpd.\nThis issue affects:\n\nJunos OS: \n\n\n\n  *  from 21.2R3-S8 before 21.2R3-S9, \n  *  from 21.4R3-S7 before 21.4R3-S9, \n  *  from 22.2R3-S4 before 22.2R3-S5, \n  *  from 22.3R3-S2 before 22.3R3-S4, \n  *  from 22.4R3 before 22.4R3-S5, \n  *  from 23.2R2 before 23.2R2-S2, \n  *  from 23.4R1 before 23.4R2-S1, \n  *  from 24.2R1 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2.\n\n\nJunos OS Evolved:\n  *  from 21.4R3-S7-EVO before 21.4R3-S9-EVO, \n  *  from 22.2R3-S4-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO, \n  *  from 22.3R3-S2-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO, \n  *  from 22.4R3-EVO before 22.4R3-S5-EVO, \n  *  from 23.2R2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO, \n  *  from 23.4R1-EVO before 23.4R2-S1-EVO, \n  *  from 24.2R1-EVO before 24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO.\n\n\nThis issue requires a BGP session to be established.\n\nThis issue can propagate and multiply through multiple ASes until reaching vulnerable devices.\n\nThis issue affects iBGP and eBGP.\n\nThis issue affects IPv4 and IPv6.\n\nAn indicator of compromise may be the presence of malformed update messages in a neighboring AS which is unaffected by this issue:\n\nFor example, by issuing the command on the neighboring device:\n show log messages\n\nReviewing for similar messages from devices within proximity to each other may indicate this malformed packet is propagating:\n  rpd[<pid>]: Received malformed update from <IP address> (External AS <AS#>)\nand\n  rpd[<pid>]: Malformed Attribute","cvss_v4":{"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber","score":8.2},"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5},"cwes":["CWE-125"],"references":["https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA92867","https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/cli-reference/topics/ref/statement/traceoptions-edit-protocols-bgp.html"],"products":["juniper:junos","juniper:junos_os_evolved"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:58:20.756570362+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-21598","score":0.00717,"percentile":0.53853,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}