{"cve":"CVE-2025-12044","nvd":{"published":"2025-10-23T20:15:37.607","modified":"2026-10-18T21:10:00.120","status":"Analyzed","description":"Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5},"cwes":["CWE-770"],"references":["https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-31-vault-vulnerable-to-denial-of-service-due-to-rate-limit-regression/76710"],"products":["hashicorp:vault"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:12:35.277909958+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2025-12044","score":0.00531,"percentile":0.44592,"date":"2026-10-25"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wf","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wf","summary":"Hashicorp Vault and Vault Enterprise vulnerable to a denial of service when processing JSON","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:58.384758549Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/hashicorp/vault","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/hashicorp/vault","ranges":[">=1.20.3 <1.21.0"],"fixed":["1.21.0"]}]},{"id":"GO-2025-4071","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2025-4071","summary":"Hashicorp Vault and Vault Enterprise vulnerable to a denial of service when processing JSON in github.com/hashicorp/vault","modified":"2026-02-04T04:14:56.273866Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/hashicorp/vault","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/hashicorp/vault","ranges":[">=1.20.3 <1.21.0"],"fixed":["1.21.0"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}