{"cve":"CVE-2023-54139","nvd":{"published":"2025-12-24T13:16:15.900","modified":"2026-08-04T10:19:31.110","status":"Deferred","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing/user_events: Ensure write index cannot be negative\n\nThe write index indicates which event the data is for and accesses a\nper-file array. The index is passed by user processes during write()\ncalls as the first 4 bytes. Ensure that it cannot be negative by\nreturning -EINVAL to prevent out of bounds accesses.\n\nUpdate ftrace self-test to ensure this occurs properly.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.8},"cwes":[],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0489c2b2c3104b89f078dbcec8c744dfc157d3e9","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fe46b5adf18e3dc606e62c9e6a0413398a17572","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd98c93286a30cc4588dfd02453bec63c2f4acf4","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fa7f2f5d1739452280c22727c4384a52b72ab5de"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:18:08.089039631+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-54139","score":0.00154,"percentile":0.0451,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}