{"cve":"CVE-2023-53501","nvd":{"published":"2025-10-01T12:15:53.640","modified":"2026-06-17T06:45:29.020","status":"Analyzed","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/amd/iommu_v2: Fix pasid_state refcount dec hit 0 warning on pasid unbind\n\nWhen unbinding pasid - a race condition exists vs outstanding page faults.\n\nTo prevent this, the pasid_state object contains a refcount.\n    * set to 1 on pasid bind\n    * incremented on each ppr notification start\n    * decremented on each ppr notification done\n    * decremented on pasid unbind\n\nSince refcount_dec assumes that refcount will never reach 0:\n  the current implementation causes the following to be invoked on\n  pasid unbind:\n        REFCOUNT_WARN(\"decrement hit 0; leaking memory\")\n\nFix this issue by changing refcount_dec to refcount_dec_and_test\nto explicitly handle refcount=1.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":4.7},"cwes":[],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13ed255248dfbbb7f23f9170c7a537fb9ca22c73","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/534103bcd52ca9c1fecbc70e717b4a538dc4ded8","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/98d86bf32187db27946ca817c2467a5f2f7aa02f","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ccc51be3126b25cfe9351dbffde946c925cc28a","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a50d60b8f2aff46dd7c7edb4a5835cdc4d432c22"],"products":["linux:linux_kernel"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:11:26.888974865+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-53501","score":0.0015,"percentile":0.04136,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}