{"cve":"CVE-2023-50428","nvd":{"published":"2023-12-09T19:15:07.977","modified":"2026-06-17T06:39:36.327","status":"Modified","description":"In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits can be bypassed by obfuscating data as code (e.g., with OP_FALSE OP_IF), as exploited in the wild by Inscriptions in 2022 and 2023. NOTE: although this is a vulnerability from the perspective of the Bitcoin Knots project, some others consider it \"not a bug.\"","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","score":5.3},"cwes":[],"references":["https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/65c05db660b2ca1d0076b0d8573a6760b3228068/src/kernel/mempool_options.h#L46-L53","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/28408#issuecomment-1844981799","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/tags","https://github.com/bitcoinknots/bitcoin/blob/aed49ce8989334c364a219a6eb016a3897d4e3d7/doc/release-notes.md"],"products":["bitcoin:bitcoin_core","bitcoinknots:bitcoin_knots"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:42:34.585441961+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-50428","score":0.00779,"percentile":0.5592,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}