{"cve":"CVE-2023-49290","nvd":{"published":"2023-12-05T00:15:09.190","modified":"2026-06-17T06:35:46.787","status":"Modified","description":"lestrrat-go/jwx is a Go module implementing various JWx (JWA/JWE/JWK/JWS/JWT, otherwise known as JOSE) technologies. A p2c parameter set too high in JWE's algorithm PBES2-* could lead to a denial of service. The JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive. Therefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a denial of service. This vulnerability has been addressed in commit `64f2a229b` which has been included in release version 1.2.27 and 2.0.18. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","score":5.3},"cwes":["CWE-400"],"references":["https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/commit/64f2a229b8e18605f47361d292b526bdc4aee01c","https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/security/advisories/GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf","https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/commit/64f2a229b8e18605f47361d292b526bdc4aee01c","https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/security/advisories/GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf"],"products":["lestrrat-go:jwx"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:42:34.585441961+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-49290","score":0.00729,"percentile":0.54256,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf","summary":"lestrrat-go/jwx's malicious parameters in JWE can cause a DOS","modified":"2026-09-10T03:49:59.444603643Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","ranges":["<1.2.27"],"fixed":["1.2.27"]},{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2","ranges":["<2.0.18"],"fixed":["2.0.18"]}]},{"id":"GO-2023-2379","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2023-2379","summary":"Denial of service due to malicious parameters in github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","modified":"2026-02-04T02:20:17.017357Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","ranges":["<1.2.27"],"fixed":["1.2.27"]},{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2","ranges":["<2.0.18"],"fixed":["2.0.18"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}