{"cve":"CVE-2023-49097","nvd":{"published":"2023-11-30T05:15:09.503","modified":"2026-06-17T06:35:21.663","status":"Modified","description":"ZITADEL is an identity infrastructure system. ZITADEL uses the notification triggering requests Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header to build the button link sent in emails for confirming a password reset with the emailed code. If this header is overwritten and a user clicks the link to a malicious site in the email, the secret code can be retrieved and used to reset the users password and take over his account. Accounts with MFA or Passwordless enabled can not be taken over by this attack. This issue has been patched in versions 2.41.6, 2.40.10 and 2.39.9.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.8},"cwes":["CWE-640"],"references":["https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-2wmj-46rj-qm2w","https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-2wmj-46rj-qm2w"],"products":["zitadel:zitadel"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:42:07.670898610+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-49097","score":0.00767,"percentile":0.55532,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-2wmj-46rj-qm2w","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-2wmj-46rj-qm2w","summary":"ZITADEL Account Takeover via Malicious Host Header Injection","modified":"2026-09-10T03:49:58.729755726Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/zitadel/zitadel","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/zitadel/zitadel","ranges":[">=2.39.0 <2.39.9"],"fixed":["2.39.9"]},{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/zitadel/zitadel","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/zitadel/zitadel","ranges":[">=2.40.0 <2.40.10"],"fixed":["2.40.10"]},{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/zitadel/zitadel","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/zitadel/zitadel","ranges":[">=2.41.0 <2.41.6"],"fixed":["2.41.6"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}