{"cve":"CVE-2023-45648","nvd":{"published":"2023-10-10T19:15:09.690","modified":"2026-06-17T06:28:59.767","status":"Modified","description":"Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M11, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.13, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.81 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.93 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A specially \ncrafted, invalid trailer header could cause Tomcat to treat a single \nrequest as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request \nsmuggling when behind a reverse proxy.\n\nOlder, EOL versions may also be affected.\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M12 onwards, 10.1.14 onwards, 9.0.81 onwards or 8.5.94 onwards, which fix the issue.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","score":5.3},"cwes":["CWE-20"],"references":["https://lists.apache.org/thread/2pv8yz1pyp088tsxfb7ogltk9msk0jdp","http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/10/10","https://lists.apache.org/thread/2pv8yz1pyp088tsxfb7ogltk9msk0jdp","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00020.html","https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231103-0007/"],"products":["apache:tomcat","debian:debian_linux"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:39:34.467980132+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-45648","score":0.05883,"percentile":0.93215,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x","summary":"Apache Tomcat Improper Input Validation vulnerability","modified":"2026-06-12T20:15:10.010410161Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat","ranges":[">=11.0.0-M1 <11.0.0-M12"],"fixed":["11.0.0-M12"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat","ranges":[">=10.1.0-M1 <10.1.14"],"fixed":["10.1.14"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat","ranges":[">=9.0.0-M1 <9.0.81"],"fixed":["9.0.81"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat","ranges":[">=8.5.0 <8.5.94"],"fixed":["8.5.94"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","ranges":[">=11.0.0-M1 <11.0.0-M12"],"fixed":["11.0.0-M12"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","ranges":[">=10.1.0-M1 <10.1.14"],"fixed":["10.1.14"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","ranges":[">=9.0.0-M1 <9.0.81"],"fixed":["9.0.81"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","ranges":[">=8.5.0 <8.5.94"],"fixed":["8.5.94"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote","ranges":[">=11.0.0-M1 <11.0.0-M12"],"fixed":["11.0.0-M12"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote","ranges":[">=10.1.0-M1 <10.1.14"],"fixed":["10.1.14"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote","ranges":[">=9.0.0-M1 <9.0.81"],"fixed":["9.0.81"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote","ranges":[">=8.5.0 <8.5.94"],"fixed":["8.5.94"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}