{"cve":"CVE-2023-39418","nvd":{"published":"2023-08-11T13:15:09.963","modified":"2026-06-17T06:12:16.570","status":"Modified","description":"A vulnerability was found in PostgreSQL with the use of the MERGE command, which fails to test new rows against row security policies defined for UPDATE and SELECT. If UPDATE and SELECT policies forbid some rows that INSERT policies do not forbid, a user could store such rows.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","score":4.3},"cwes":["CWE-1220"],"references":["https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7785","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7883","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7884","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7885","https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-39418"],"products":["debian:debian_linux","postgresql:postgresql","redhat:enterprise_linux"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:39:14.809778102+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-39418","score":0.01086,"percentile":0.65297,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}