{"cve":"CVE-2023-3597","nvd":{"published":"2024-04-25T13:15:50.523","modified":"2026-06-17T06:14:26.010","status":"Deferred","description":"A flaw was found in Keycloak, where it does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication in org.keycloak.authentication. This flaw allows a remote user authenticated with a password to register a false second authentication factor along with an existing one and bypass authentication.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","score":5.0},"cwes":["CWE-287"],"references":["https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868","https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597","https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:49:08.435428910+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-3597","score":0.00603,"percentile":0.48855,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4","summary":"Keycloak secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:11.176672050Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.keycloak:keycloak-services","purl":"pkg:maven/org.keycloak/keycloak-services","ranges":["<22.0.10"],"fixed":["22.0.10"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.keycloak:keycloak-services","purl":"pkg:maven/org.keycloak/keycloak-services","ranges":[">=23.0.0 <24.0.3"],"fixed":["24.0.3"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}