{"cve":"CVE-2023-33241","nvd":{"published":"2023-08-09T22:15:10.323","modified":"2026-06-17T06:01:23.300","status":"Modified","description":"Crypto wallets implementing the GG18 or GG20 TSS protocol might allow an attacker to extract a full ECDSA private key by injecting a malicious pallier key and cheating in the range proof. Depending on the Beta parameters chosen in the protocol implementation, the attack might require 16 signatures or more fully exfiltrate the other parties' private key shares.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","score":9.1},"cwes":["CWE-74"],"references":["https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/114.pdf","https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/540.pdf","https://github.com/fireblocks-labs/mpc-ecdsa-attacks-23","https://github.com/fireblocks-labs/safeheron-gg20-exploit-poc","https://www.fireblocks.com/blog/gg18-and-gg20-paillier-key-vulnerability-technical-report/"],"products":["gg18_project:gg18","gg20_project:gg20"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:39:14.809778102+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-33241","score":0.01183,"percentile":0.67776,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}