{"cve":"CVE-2023-28904","nvd":{"published":"2025-06-28T16:15:22.250","modified":"2026-06-17T05:49:00.803","status":"Deferred","description":"A logic flaw leading to a RAM buffer overflow in the bootloader component of the MIB3 infotainment unit allows an attacker with physical access to the MIB3 ECU to bypass firmware signature verification and run arbitrary code in the infotainment system at boot process.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N","score":5.2},"cwes":["CWE-120"],"references":["https://asrg.io/security-advisories/vulnerabilities-in-volkswagen-mib3-infotainment-part-2/","https://i.blackhat.com/EU-24/Presentations/EU-24-Parnishchev-OverTheAirVW.pdf","https://pcacybersecurity.com/resources/advisory/vulnerabilities-in-vw-mib3-infotainment-2","https://i.blackhat.com/EU-24/Presentations/EU-24-Parnishchev-OverTheAirVW.pdf"],"products":[],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T22:03:23.287444849+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-28904","score":0.00323,"percentile":0.25302,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}