{"cve":"CVE-2023-28865","nvd":{"published":"2024-08-08T18:15:09.533","modified":"2026-06-17T05:48:56.627","status":"Analyzed","description":"Diebold Nixdorf Vynamic Security Suite (VSS) before 3.3.0 SR15, 4.0.0 SR05, 4.1.0 SR03, and 4.2.0 SR02 fails to validate the directory contents of certain directories (e.g., ensuring the expected hash sum) during the Pre-Boot Authorization (PBA) process. This can be exploited by a physical attacker who is able to manipulate the contents of the system's hard disk.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":6.6},"cwes":["CWE-345","CWE-353"],"references":["https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2032/DEF%20CON%2032%20presentations/DEF%20CON%2032%20-%20Matt%20Burch%20-%20Where%E2%80%99s%20the%20Money%20-%20Defeating%20ATM%20Disk%20Encryption-white%20paper.pdf","https://www.dieboldnixdorf.com/en-us/banking/portfolio/software/security/"],"products":["dieboldnixdorf:vynamic_security_suite"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:53:51.317825789+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-28865","score":0.00262,"percentile":0.18022,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}