{"cve":"CVE-2023-25656","nvd":{"published":"2023-02-20T16:15:10.747","modified":"2026-06-17T05:41:40.473","status":"Modified","description":"notation-go is a collection of libraries for supporting Notation sign, verify, push, and pull of oci artifacts. Prior to version 1.0.0-rc.3, notation-go users will find their application using excessive memory when verifying signatures. The application will be killed, and thus availability is impacted. The problem has been patched in the release v1.0.0-rc.3. Some workarounds are available. Users can review their own trust policy file and check if the identity string contains `=#`. Meanwhile, users should only put trusted certificates in their trust stores referenced by their own trust policy files, and make sure the `authenticity` validation is set to `enforce`.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5},"cwes":["CWE-770"],"references":["https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc.3","https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/security/advisories/GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v","https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc.3","https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/security/advisories/GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v"],"products":["notaryproject:notation-go"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:37:38.595364862+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-25656","score":0.0044,"percentile":0.38254,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v","summary":"notation-go has excessive memory allocation on verification","modified":"2026-09-10T03:49:51.900719541Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/notaryproject/notation-go","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/notaryproject/notation-go","ranges":["<1.0.0-rc.3"],"fixed":["1.0.0-rc.3"]}]},{"id":"GO-2023-1589","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2023-1589","summary":"Denial of service from memory exhaustion in github.com/notaryproject/notation-go","modified":"2026-02-04T02:57:28.167652Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/notaryproject/notation-go","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/notaryproject/notation-go","ranges":["<1.0.0-rc.3"],"fixed":["1.0.0-rc.3"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}