{"cve":"CVE-2023-23940","nvd":{"published":"2023-02-03T20:15:11.037","modified":"2026-06-17T05:38:20.130","status":"Modified","description":"OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is a library for secure smart contract development written in Cairo for StarkNet, a decentralized ZK Rollup. `is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. As a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts. The issue has been patched in 0.6.1.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","score":5.3},"cwes":["CWE-347","CWE-345"],"references":["https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299","https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4","https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299","https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4"],"products":["openzeppelin:contracts"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:37:38.595364862+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2023-23940","score":0.0022,"percentile":0.12613,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4","summary":"OpenZeppelin Contracts contains Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature","modified":"2026-02-22T22:56:17.554616Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"openzeppelin-cairo-contracts","purl":"pkg:pypi/openzeppelin-cairo-contracts","ranges":[">=0.2.0 <0.6.1"],"fixed":["0.6.1"]}]},{"id":"PYSEC-2023-39","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/PYSEC-2023-39","summary":"","modified":"2026-02-22T22:49:15.001963Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"openzeppelin-cairo-contracts","purl":"pkg:pypi/openzeppelin-cairo-contracts","ranges":[">=0.2.0 <0.6.1"],"fixed":["0.6.1"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}