{"cve":"CVE-2022-35961","nvd":{"published":"2022-08-15T11:21:39.937","modified":"2026-06-17T04:52:36.397","status":"Modified","description":"OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. The functions `ECDSA.recover` and `ECDSA.tryRecover` are vulnerable to a kind of signature malleability due to accepting EIP-2098 compact signatures in addition to the traditional 65 byte signature format. This is only an issue for the functions that take a single `bytes` argument, and not the functions that take `r, v, s` or `r, vs` as separate arguments. The potentially affected contracts are those that implement signature reuse or replay protection by marking the signature itself as used rather than the signed message or a nonce included in it. A user may take a signature that has already been submitted, submit it again in a different form, and bypass this protection. The issue has been patched in 4.7.3.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":6.5},"cwes":["CWE-354"],"references":["https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/3610","https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.7.3","https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-4h98-2769-gh6h","https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/3610","https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.7.3"],"products":["openzeppelin:contracts","openzeppelin:contracts_upgradeable"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:34:18.502168378+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2022-35961","score":0.00453,"percentile":0.39346,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-4h98-2769-gh6h","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-4h98-2769-gh6h","summary":"OpenZeppelin Contracts vulnerable to ECDSA signature malleability","modified":"2023-11-08T04:09:54.445546Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@openzeppelin/contracts","purl":"pkg:npm/%40openzeppelin/contracts","ranges":[">=4.1.0 <4.7.3"],"fixed":["4.7.3"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable","purl":"pkg:npm/%40openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable","ranges":[">=4.1.0 <4.7.3"],"fixed":["4.7.3"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}