{"cve":"CVE-2022-28345","nvd":{"published":"2022-04-15T06:15:06.597","modified":"2026-06-17T04:38:24.383","status":"Modified","description":"The Signal app before 5.34 for iOS allows URI spoofing via RTLO injection. It incorrectly renders RTLO encoded URLs beginning with a non-breaking space, when there is a hash character in the URL. This technique allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to send legitimate looking links, appearing to be any website URL, by abusing the non-http/non-https automatic rendering of URLs. An attacker can spoof, for example, example.com, and masquerade any URL with a malicious destination. An attacker requires a subdomain such as gepj, txt, fdp, or xcod, which would appear backwards as jpeg, txt, pdf, and docx respectively.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":7.5},"cwes":["CWE-74"],"references":["https://blog.malwarebytes.com/social-engineering/2022/03/uri-spoofing-flaw-could-phish-whatsapp-signal-instagram-and-imessage-users/","https://github.com/sickcodes/security/blob/master/advisories/SICK-2022-42.md","https://github.com/zadewg/RIUS","https://sick.codes/sick-2022-42","https://blog.malwarebytes.com/social-engineering/2022/03/uri-spoofing-flaw-could-phish-whatsapp-signal-instagram-and-imessage-users/"],"products":["signal:signal"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:30:03.577988018+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2022-28345","score":0.02494,"percentile":0.84667,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}