{"cve":"CVE-2022-21685","nvd":{"published":"2022-01-14T17:15:13.333","modified":"2026-06-17T04:26:45.607","status":"Modified","description":"Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. Prior to commit number `8a93fdc6c9f4eb1d2f2a11b7ff1d12d70bf5a664`, a bug in Frontier's MODEXP precompile implementation can cause an integer underflow in certain conditions. This will cause a node crash for debug builds. For release builds (and production WebAssembly binaries), the impact is limited as it can only cause a normal EVM out-of-gas. Users who do not use MODEXP precompile in their runtime are not impacted. A patch is available in pull request #549.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":6.5},"cwes":["CWE-191"],"references":["https://github.com/paritytech/frontier/commit/8a93fdc6c9f4eb1d2f2a11b7ff1d12d70bf5a664","https://github.com/paritytech/frontier/pull/549","https://github.com/paritytech/frontier/security/advisories/GHSA-cjg2-2fjg-fph4","https://github.com/paritytech/frontier/commit/8a93fdc6c9f4eb1d2f2a11b7ff1d12d70bf5a664","https://github.com/paritytech/frontier/pull/549"],"products":["parity:frontier"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:27:20.926095847+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2022-21685","score":0.01331,"percentile":0.71091,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-cjg2-2fjg-fph4","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-cjg2-2fjg-fph4","summary":"Integer underflow in Frontier","modified":"2024-10-24T21:50:43Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"crates.io","name":"pallet-evm-precompile-modexp","purl":"pkg:cargo/pallet-evm-precompile-modexp","ranges":["<=1.0.0"],"fixed":[]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}