{"cve":"CVE-2021-45444","nvd":{"published":"2022-02-14T12:15:15.750","modified":"2026-06-17T04:13:22.823","status":"Modified","description":"In zsh before 5.8.1, an attacker can achieve code execution if they control a command output inside the prompt, as demonstrated by a %F argument. This occurs because of recursive PROMPT_SUBST expansion.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.8},"cwes":[],"references":["http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33","http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35","http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/02/msg00020.html","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2P3LPMGENEHKDWFO4MWMZSZL6G7Y4CV7/"],"products":["apple:mac_os_x","apple:macos","debian:debian_linux","fedoraproject:fedora","zsh:zsh"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:28:04.509275555+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2021-45444","score":0.0198,"percentile":0.80544,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}